Tanzania holds regular elections, and the political landscape there has evolved over time. The key elections are for the President, Members of Parliament (MPs), and Local Government leaders. The most recent general elections were held in October 2020, with President John Magufuli running for re-election.
Here are some key points about elections in Tanzania:
Presidential Elections
Tanzania’s president is elected through a direct vote for a five-year term, with a two-term limit. The president also has significant influence over the government and policies. The 2020 presidential election was particularly notable because it saw the re-election of President John Magufuli from the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party. However, the election was contested due to allegations of irregularities and voter suppression. His main rival was Tundu Lissu, who represented the opposition Chadema party. Magufuli’s victory was widely questioned by local and international observers due to reports of voting irregularities, violence, and restrictions on the opposition.
Parliamentary Elections
In addition to the presidential election, Tanzania also elects members of parliament (MPs) every five years. These elections take place in each of the 264 constituencies. CCM has historically had a dominant position in parliament, although opposition parties like Chadema and ACT Wazalendo have been gaining ground in recent years.
Local Elections
Local government elections are held to elect local councils, village councils, and town councils. These elections play an essential role in local governance and service delivery.
Political Parties
- Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM): The ruling party, which has been in power since Tanzania gained independence in 1961. It is the dominant party in Tanzanian politics.
- Chadema (Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo): The largest opposition party, historically a key player in challenging the CCM.
- ACT Wazalendo: A smaller opposition party that has gained momentum, especially under the leadership of Zitto Kabwe.
Electoral Process
Tanzania uses a first-past-the-post system for presidential and parliamentary elections. This means that the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they don’t secure a majority. Presidential elections require the winner to get more than 50% of the vote to avoid a runoff.
Electoral Challenges
Tanzania’s elections have often been marred by allegations of:
- Voter suppression: Especially against opposition supporters.
- Election violence: Particularly during the 2015 and 2020 elections.
- Media restrictions: Independent media has been under pressure, and there have been concerns about the freedom to campaign.
- Internet restrictions: During election periods, there have been reports of internet shutdowns or slowdowns, limiting the ability of opposition parties to communicate.
The Future
Tanzania is undergoing a significant political transition. After the death of President Magufuli in March 2021, Samia Suluhu Hassan, his vice president, became the first female president in Tanzania’s history. Her leadership marked a shift in some policies, as she promised a more inclusive, less authoritarian approach. How these changes will influence future elections remains to be seen, as Tanzania’s democracy continues to mature and face new challenges.
Is there a specific aspect of Tanzanian elections you’d like to know more about?
